6 Very Simple PLSQL Programs to Explain Cursors

Cursors in PL/SQL are used to retrieve more than one row at a time. The data that is stored in cursors is known as Active Data Set. These cursors are of two types:

1. Implicit Cursors : predefined cursors
2. Explicit Cursors : user defined cursors

Here are simple 6 programs illustrating the concept of cursors.

1. Program to illustrate the use of attribute SQL%FOUND in Implicit Cursor. The Program is to find out the salary of an employee from emp table whose two fields are emp_sal and emp_no.

DECLARE
salary number(5);
BEGIN
SELECT emp_sal INTO salary FROM emp WHERE emp_no=&empno;
IF SQL%FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(’Record Found’);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(’Salary = ‘ || salary);
END IF;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(’Record Not Found’);
END;

2. Program to illustrate the use of attribute SQL%NOTFOUND in Implicit Cursor. The Program is to find out the salary of an employee from emp table whose two fields are emp_sal and emp_no.

DECLARE
salary number(5);
BEGIN
SELECT emp_sal INTO salary FROM emp WHERE emp_no=&empno;
IF SQL%NOTFOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(’Record Not Found’);
ELSE
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(’Record Found’);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(’Salary = ‘ || salary);
END IF;
END;

3. Program to illustrate the use of attribute SQL%ROWCOUNT in Implicit Cursor. The Program is to update the salary of each employee by 1000.

BEGIN
UPDATE emp SET emp_sal = emp_sal +1000;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(SQL%ROWCOUNT || ‘Records Updated’);
END;

4. Program to illustrate the use of Explicit Cursors. The Program is to display the information of employess (Emp No, Name and Salary) of a given department.

DECLARE
CURSOR empdata IS
SELECT emp_no, emp_name, emp_sal FROM emp WHERE emp_deptno = &deptno;
ecode emp.emp_no%TYPE;
ename emp.emp_name%TYPE;
esal emp.emp_sal%TYPE;
BEGIN
OPEN empdata;
LOOP
FETCH empdata INTO ecode, ename, esal;
EXIT WHEN empdata%NOTFOUND;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(ecode || ename || esal);
END LOOP;
CLOSE empdata;
END;

5. Program to illustrate the use of Explicit Cursors with FOR LOOP. The Program is to display the information of employess of a given department (same as program 4)

DECLARE
CURSOR empdata IS
SELECT emp_no, emp_name, emp_sal FROM emp WHERE emp_deptno = &deptno;
BEGIN
FOR rec IN empdata
LOOP
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(rec.emp_no || rec.emp_name || rec.emp_sal);
END LOOP;
END;

6. Program to illustrate the use of Explicit Cursors with Parameter Passing Concept. The Program is to display the information of employees of a given department (same as program 4)

DECLARE
CURSOR empdata(n number) IS
SELECT emp_no, emp_name, emp_sal FROM emp WHERE emp_deptno = n;
ecode emp.emp_no%TYPE;
ename emp.emp_name%TYPE;
esal emp.emp_sal%TYPE;
BEGIN
OPEN empdata(n);
LOOP
FETCH empdata INTO ecode, ename, esal;
EXIT WHEN empdata%NOTFOUND;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(ecode || ename || esal);
END LOOP;
CLOSE empdata;
END;

12 Websites With Beautiful And Attractive Backgrounds

1. The Pixel Blog

  

2. Abduction Lamp

3. Make Photoshop Faster

4. Duirwaigh Studios

5. Le Blog de Gruny

6. Electric Current

7. Oliver Kavanagh

8. Productive Dreams

9. Absolute Bica

10. Paul Smith

11. Inner Metro Green

12. Yodda

Do’s and Don’ts of e-Marketing

If you thought e-mail addresses were all about expressing your quirky side, think again. E-mail addresses, especially if your business has a definite web presence, can not only affect your bussiness reputation but also help solidify relationships. A good e-mail address is the first step in e-maketing.

Not only is e-mail marketing cheap and secure, but it’s also the most easily available direct marketing tool, giving you a global reach. Even more important, the cost associated with e-mail marketing are minimal. As an organised enough marketer, you will already have a list of e-mail recipients interested in your products and/or services. Whatever cost there are will be of copywriting company advertisement and inserting any graphic into it.

All this aside, the most obvious disadvantage of e-mail marketing is the possibility of it being seen as spam. The deluge of spam is the main reason that e-mail with suspicious addresses are immediately killed. That’s why the e-mail address is so important.

The first important thing to consider is creating your own domain. If your business requires or will require a definite web presence, then a specific domain name will do wonders in helping you reach out to your target market. When an e-mail comes in from a generic free e-mail provider, it is unclear if your business is genuine. A good domain specific e-mail identity gives people the chance to view your websites and make up their minds whether or not they want to do business with you .

Have a contact list, ideally consisting of your regular customers who have agreed to recieve your informative e-mails.

Consider too, the content of the e-mails. Don’t make a hardcore sales pitch; that should be left for a later stage. At this point the e-mail should merely highlight your products and services. It should be interesting and colorful enough to draw the readers to at least closely see what your offering is all about.

For Students: Note-Taking Skills during Lectures

If you want to gain maximum of you lecture, you must have good note-taking skills so that each and every point being said in the class room become yours. Here are some tips of note-taking i am giving to you. You may find it useful. So have a look.

Before the class room

1. Before going to the class, do have a look on the previous lecture and point out what you have not understood and try to clarify it in the forthcoming lecture.

During the class room

2. Concentrate on what is being said in the class. Don’t dither to ask any thing if you are not getting properly or if you have any doubt.

3. Start each new lecture on a new page and specify the date of the lecture properly.

4. Leave blank space within your notes so that you may insert your comments or any reference within there.

5. Make your notes as brief as you can. Don’t write full sentences. Just write few words which you can understand later. If you go for writing whole sentence, you will miss the many more information what your lecturer is saying and soon you will found yourself out of flow.

6. Develop a system of abbreviations and symbols you can use wherever possible.

7. Note all unfamiliar vocabulary or concepts you don’t understand. This reminds you to look them up later.

8. Don’t try to write down everything the educator says

9. Concentrate on picking out the relevant points only

10. Write notes in point form with separate sub headings

11. Develop your own shorthand

12. Write down any references given in class to read later

13. Underline key phrases in red, or with a highlighter pen

14. Use titles, subtitles and bullet points

15. Produce a summary list/table at the end of a section

After the class room

16. It is extremely important to review your notes within 24 hours. If you will not do so, you might forget your symbols or shortcuts which you inserted in your notes in the class room.

17. Edit for words and phrases that are illegible or don’t make sense. Write out abbreviated words that might be unclear later.

18. Edit with a different colored pen to distinguish between what you wrote in class and what you filled in later.

19. Fill in key words and questions in the left-hand column.

20. Note anything you don’t understand by underlining or highlighting to remind you to ask the instructor.

21. Compare your notes with the textbook reading and fill in important details in the blank spaces you left.

22.Consider rewriting or typing up your notes.

34 Simple and Useful Ubuntu Shortcuts You Must Know

1. Ctrl + W: Close the current Nautilus Window

2. Ctrl+T: Open a new tab in Nautilus

3. Ctrl + H: Toggle Display of hidden files and folders

4. Ctrl+E:  Send the current document to an email recipient

5. Ctrl+Q: Quit the application

6. Ctrl + 1/2: Change folder view to icon/list.

7. Ctrl + Shift + W: Close all open Nautilus Windows

8. Ctrl + Shift + N: Create New Folder, Very useful shortcut

9. Ctrl + Alt + L: Quick shortcut to Lock Screen if you need to be away from your desktop for few moments and don’t want others to see your desktop.

10. Ctrl + Alt + D: Show Desktop/ Restore open windows if show desktop used earlier

11. Ctrl + Alt + Backspace: Kill X server

12. Ctrl + Alt + F1: Switch to the first virtual terminal

13. Ctrl + Alt + F2(F3)(F4)(F5)(F6): Select the different virtual terminals
14. Ctrl + Alt + F7: Switch to current terminal session with X

15. Ctrl+Alt++: Switch to next X resolution (Depends of your X configuration)

16. Ctrl+Alt+-: Switch to previous X resolution (Depends of your X configuration)

17. Alt+Tab: Switch between open programs

18. Alt + F: Open Applications Menu

19. Alt + F2: Open the Run Application Dialog Box

20. Alt + F5: UnMaximizes Current Window

21. Alt + F7: This shortcut activates the move window option that lets you move current window using arrow keys. You can even move window to other workspace, try moving it to extreme right.

22. Alt + F8: Resize current window with arrow keys

23. Alt + F9/F10: Minimize/ Maximize current window

24. Alt + Up/Down Arrow: Move to Parent Folder/ Selected folder

25. Alt + Left/Right Arrow: Move Back/forward in Nautilus

26. Alt + Enter: Show properties of a selected file/folder without requiring to right click on it and select Properties.

27. Alt + Home: Move directly to your Home Folder

28. Alt + Shift + Tab: Switch Windows in Reverse Direction as done using Alt+Tab

29. Alt + Ctrl + Left/Right Arrow: Move to Workspace on Left/Right

30. Alt + Ctrl + Shift + Left/Right Arrow: Move current window to another workspace

31. Alt + Shift + Up Arrow: This initiates a cool looking window switcher interface with which you can switch between windows using Arrow keys while holding Alt + Shift

32. Win+E: Shows all workspaces in a nifty way and lets you switch between workspaces easily.

33. Win + Mousewheel: Zoom in / Zoom out Desktop. This one’s pretty useful if  you are having a wireless keyboard/mouse.

34. F9: Toggle display of Nautilus Sidepane

Top 25 Online Degree Colleges of the World

If you are in the hunt of top online degree colleges of the world, you have landed on the perfect place. I am going to list top 25 online degree colleges from where you can earn your online degree. Here goes the list.

1. DeVry University

Devry University is one of the premier online colleges. The school boasts a 90% job placement with their graduates in a six month time frame. Degree programs are available in accounting, business fields, computer and web design, medical administration, engineering, computer forensics, and many more. Students attending Devry can receive scholarships from the school and the school also helps students find lenders. The school is accredited by The Higher Learning Commission of the North Central Association.

2. University of Phoenix

The University of Phoenix offers associate to doctoral degree programs for working adults. The school helps students earn degrees quicker than they would be able to with many other institutions of higher learning. The instructors are professionals with advanced degrees and experience. The school offers over 30 different degree programs. Federal financial aid is available. The school is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission.

3. Capella University

Capella University endeavors to provide a quality education while maintaining a personal relationship with their students. The school tailors the courses to the standards and techniques required in the professional fields. Capella has five schools of education; business and technology, human services, education, psychology, and undergraduate studies. Capella University is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission and is a member of the North Central Association of Colleges and Schools.

4. Kaplan University

Kaplan University has schools for the arts and sciences, business, business and finance sector, criminal justice, nursing, education, health sciences, legal studies, and information and technology. Kaplan University is accredited by the Higher learning commission of the north central association of colleges and schools.

5. Westwood College

Westwood College provides a professional focused education to their students. The school offers fast track degrees and continuing education for their alumni. Degree programs include paralegal, graphic design and multimedia, computer network engineering, accounting, marketing, game art and design, fashion merchandising and many more. Westwood online is associated with Westwood College of Technology and is accredited through this school by the Accrediting Commission of Career Schools and Colleges of Technology.

6. Boston University

Boston University is a well established and respected university ranked among the top schools in the country. The university offers graduate degree programs via distance learning. Students can earn masters degrees in criminal justice, banking, occupational therapy, international marketing, business continuity, as well as doctorates in occupational therapy and physical therapy. The school offers man continuing education courses online to continue educating to help working professionals keep their knowledge and skills up to date. Boston University is accredited by the New England Association of Schools and Colleges.

7. Colorado Technical University

Colorado Technical University provides a challenging curriculum. Working adult students with families, stay at home mothers, and military students attending the school praised the curriculum and the professors as tough but helpful. The school provides a career oriented education. Degree programs are available in business and management, criminal justice and public administration, health sciences, and information systems and technology. CTU is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission of the North Central Association of Colleges and Schools.

8. American InterContinental University (AIU) Online

AIU seeks to provide a quality career focused education to their students. The instructors are all professionals in the fields they teach. Students can pursue associate degrees in business and medical fields, bachelor degrees in business, IT, and health fields and master’s degrees in many of the same fields. The school is accredited by the Commission on Colleges of the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools.

9. Seton Hall Worldwide

Seton Hall worldwide is part of the Seton Hall University. The distance learning program began in 1998 and has provided a high quality education to the online community of students. The school offers mainly graduate degrees in healthcare and education. The school also offers an undergraduate program for students pursuing an RN or BSN degree. The school is accredited by the Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools.

10. Baker College

Baker College offers both undergraduate and graduate programs. Students can pursue associate degrees in applied sciences and business, bachelor degrees in business, computer sciences, general studies, and health service fields. Graduate degree programs can be obtained in business, IT, and occupational therapy. The school is accredited by the Higher learning Commission of the North Central Association of Colleges and Schools. Financial aid is available through federal programs.

11. Bowling Green State University

BGSU is a traditional University with a reputable distance learning program. BGSU offers various certificates, bachelor’s and master’s degree programs. Students can obtain undergraduate degrees in Advanced Technological Education, liberal studies, or RN/BSN completion. Graduate degrees in organization development and business administration are also available. The school is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission of the North Central Association of Colleges and Schools.

12. University of London External System

The University of London External System allows students to earn a degree from the highly regarded University of London. The school boasts 57 Nobel Prize winners and is ranked among the top 20 world class colleges. The school has offered distance learning programs for over a 100 years, though current technology makes the process much simpler. The degree programs are based on the curriculum devised for the University’s colleges.

13. Walden University

Walden University offers advanced degrees in fields which provide some type of service to the community as a whole; education, business, human services, and engineering. The school is accredited by the North Central association of Schools and Colleges. Federal financial aid is available.

14. Ellis College of New York Institute of Technology

Ellis College of New York IOT offers a quality education focused on practical skills needed to succeed in the workplace. The school offers more than 50 online degree programs from associate to graduate. The college is accredited by the Middle States Commission on Higher Education.

15. University of Maryland University College

The University of Maryland University College is part of the University of Maryland System. The school is part of a well established, highly regarded and respected higher education system. Degrees earned via distance learning at this school will be accepted in high esteem. The University is accredited by the Commission on Higher Education of the Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools. Financial aid is available through federal programs.

16. Golden Gate University

Golden Gate University is a traditional school which also offers complete degrees online. Students can also obtain professional certificates to help with career advancement. Bachelor degrees in Arts in management, business administration, accounting, and Information Technology are available to be completed online. The school also offers 20 Master degree programs. GGU is accredited by the Western Association of Schools and Colleges.

17. Stanford University Center for Professional Development

The Stanford University Center for PD offers working professionals the advantages and resources of a Stanford University education through online learning. The school offers 23 Masters programs which can be completed via distance learning. 35 graduate or professional certificate programs are also offered.

18. Argosy University

Argosy University is a traditional college which offers complete degree programs in business, education, and psychology online. Students can obtain Bachelor’s Master’s or even Doctoral degrees. The school is geared towards working adults seeking to advance their careers in their fields. Argosy University is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission.

19. UT TeleCampus

UT TeleCampus is an extension of the University of Texas System which offers online education opportunities. The school draws from the universities vast resources to provide a high quality, student centered distance learning degree programs. The school offers a large number of diverse program opportunities to select from with a strong concentration in health and education. Certificate programs, bachelor completion programs, and master’s degree programs are available completely on line.

20. Globe University & Minnesota School of Business

Globe University & Minnesota School of Business is a traditional college which has offered degrees earned completely through distance learning since 2000. Bachelor Degree programs are available in business admin, business management, health care management, information technology, paralegal, criminal justice, accounting, sales and marketing, transportation business, and cosmetology business. It is accredited by the Accrediting Council for Independent Colleges.

21. Columbia Southern University

Columbia Southern University has received glowing reviews from their students and alumni. Columbia Southern was created with the idea of providing education possibilities with convenient scheduling for working adults with inconvenient schedules. The College offers degree programs from associates to doctorates in a wide range of fields. The school has been accredited by the Accrediting Commission of the Distance Education and Training Council which is recognized by the US Dept of Education and is a member of ACE. Federal financial aid is available.

22. Herzing College Online

Herzing College offers a variety of diploma and degree programs. Students can earn diplomas in medical assisting, billing & payroll, billing and insurance coding, or office administration. Associate degree programs are available in the same programs as the diploma curriculum as well as in computer science, business, paralegal and graphic design. The college also offers programs for bachelor and master degrees. Herzing College is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission.

23. Concord Law School

Concord Law School is a private for profit school. It is the first to offer students the opportunity to obtain a law degree completely online. The same curriculum is taught online as would be taught in a traditional program on campus. The same resources are also available to those who pursue their law degree completely online. The school is affiliated with Kaplan University and applicants must possess a bachelor’s degree. The school is accredited by the Distance Education Training Council.

24. Champlain College

Champlain College strives to educate using the most current and relevant techniques and information. Champlain confers with the top leaders in business and industry to develop a curriculum which will prepare their students for application in their present or future careers. Programs offered by this college include associate degrees in science in software development and business management. Bachelor degrees can be obtained in business management, science in computer and information systems, and science in software development. The college is accredited by the New England Association of Schools and Colleges. Federal financial aid is available.

25. Cumberland University

Cumberland University has been around since 1842 and is a private nonprofit liberal arts school. Individuals already possessing a bachelor’s degree in any field can earn a Masters of Arts in Education degree online. This is a 36 hour program and teaches the latest techniques. The University is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools. Federal financial aid is available.

Top 10 Engineering Institutes of United Kingdom

Here is the list of top 10 engineering institutes of United Kingdom. The list shows their world wide engineering rank and score. This list include University of CAMBRIDGE, IMPERIAL College London, University of OXFORD, University of MANCHESTER etc.

1. University of CAMBRIDGE

Engineering Rank : 5
Engineering Score : 76.2

2. IMPERIAL College London

Engineering Rank : 7
Engineering Score : 70.9

3. University of OXFORD

Engineering Rank : 14
Engineering Score : 61.6

4. University of MANCHESTER

Engineering Rank : 45
Engineering Score : 44.8

5. University of EDINBURGH

Engineering Rank : 60
Engineering Score : 40.2

6. University of SOUTHAMPTON

Engineering Rank : 96
Engineering Score : 32.8

7. UCL (University College London)

Engineering Rank : 96
Engineering Score : 32.8

8. University of BIRMINGHAM

Engineering Rank : 98
Engineering Score : 32.7

9. University of SHEFFIELD

Engineering Rank : 122
Engineering Score : 29.6

10. University of SHEFFIELD

Engineering Rank : 129
Engineering Score : 29.0